Teaching, where the dog is induced through food or toys to perform a certain action on command.  This phase is purely motivational.  We do not correct a dog before it understands what we are asking.

Distraction and proofing, where the dog is asked to perform commands under increasing levels of distraction.

Maintenance, where the fully trained dog practices and fine-tunes well-established skills

Compulsion, when needed, is only used when a dog willfully disobeys a command it knows.  The type and degree of compulsion must be tailored to the individual dog and its level of training.  For some dogs, a stern “NO!”, or not getting a toy until they obey, is all that is needed

A dog should accept a correction when warranted without becoming fearful or losing its joy of working.